獨立光伏系統中超級電容儲能充電技術的研究
易桂平，胡仁杰，劉千杰
(東南大學 電氣工程學院，江蘇 南京 210096)
摘 要： 介紹了獨立光伏系統中超級電容器的工作原理及其優缺點，給出了三支路、傳輸線、串聯RC 和改進的串聯RC 四種超級電容器等效電路模型。研究了各種超級電容器充電方式，分析了超級電容器的恒壓、恒流和恒功率充電方式的效率。實驗研究表明三種充電方式各具優點和缺點，恒功率充電可在保證充電效率的前提下，較好地控制充電時間，較適合對超級電容器充電。
關鍵詞： 超級電容器；儲能元件；充電方式
中圖分類號：TM914.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-3175(2014)07-0013-07
Study on Charging Technology of Supercapacitor Energy Storage in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
YI Gui-ping, HU Ren-jie, LIU Qian-jie
（School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China）
Abstract: Introduction was made to the working principle of supercapacitors in stand-alone photovoltaic system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. This paper gave four kinds of supercapacitors equivalent electric circuits, such as three-branch circuit, transmission line, RC circuit in series and improved RC circuit in series and studied a variety of supercapacitors charging modes, analyzing the efficiency of supercapacitors constant voltage, constant current and constant power charging modes. Experimental research shows that the three kinds of charging modes have their own advantages and disadvantages. Under the precondition of ensuring the charging efficiency, the constant power charging mode can control charging time better, so it is more suitable for supercapacitors charging.
Key words: supercapacitor; energy storage element; charging mode
參考文獻
[1] Duryea S, Islam S, Lawrance W. A battery management system for stand - alone Photovoltaic energe systems[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2001, 7(3)：67-72.
[2] Schupbach R M, Balda J C, Zolot M, et al. Design methodology of a combined batteryultracapacitor energy storage unit for vehicle power management[C]//Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2003, 1：88-93.
[3] Ribeiro R F, Johnson B K, Crow M L, Arsoy A, Liu Y. Energy storage systems for advanced power applications[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 2001, 89(12)：1744-1756.
[4] Moreno J, Ortuzar M E, Dixon J W. Energymanagement system for a hybrid electric vehicle,using ultra-capacitors and neural networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2006, 53(2)：614-623.
[5] Abbey Chad, Joos Géza. Supercapacitor Energy Storage for Wind Energy Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 2007, 43(3)： 769-776.
[6] Zhou Haihua, Bhattacharya T, Duong Tran, et al. Composite Energy Storage System Involving Battery and Ultracapacitor with Dynamic Energy Management in Microgrid Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(3)：923-930.
[7] Lee Jisung, Jeong Sangkwon, Han Young Hee, et al. Concept of Cold Energy Storage for Superconducting Flywheel Energy Storage System[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, 21(3)：2221-2224.
[8] Chiang S J, Chang K T, Yen C Y. Residential photovoltaic energy storage system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1998,45(3)：385-394.
[9] Kim Younghyun, Chang Naehyuck, Wang Yanzhi,et al. Maximum power transfer tracking for a photovoltaic-supercapacitor energy system[C]//IEEE ISLPED 2010：307-312.
[10] Buller S, Karden E, Kok D et al. Modeling the dynamic behavi or of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2002, 38(6)：1622-1626.
[11] Belhachemi F, Rael S, Davat B. A physical based model of power electric double-layer supercapacitors[C]//Industry Applications Conference, 2000, 5：3069-3076.
[12] Gualous H, Louahlia-Gualous H, Gallay R, et al. Supercapacitor Thermal Modeling and Characterization in Transient State for Industrial Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2009, 45(3)：1035-1044.
[13] Khan N, Mariun N, Zaki M, et al.Transient analysis of pulsed charging in supercapacitors[C]//TENCON 2000, 3：193-199.
